Tooth decay

Tooth decay is when the usually hard tissues on the outside of your teeth breakdown and form a hole or cavity. In severe cases this hole may be quite deep and can affect the blood vessels and nerve located in the pulp. In most cases tooth decay doesn't cause any symptoms in the early stages. However as time goes on it can lead to toothache, sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet and acidic foods or drinks. If left untreated the nerve can be come infected and abscesses may form which cause excessive pain and swelling in the jaw area. In more severe cases abscesses can also cause fevers.

Causes

Bacteria living in your mouth are the cause of tooth decay and the decaying process is exacerbated by having lots of sugary food debris in your mouth. This type of bacteria grows into a fine, sticky material on your teeth known as plaque. The bacteria breaks down sugars in food creating acid as a byproduct which eats away at the enamel of your tooth. If you frequently consume sugary food and drinks the risk of you experiencing decay is increased, particularly if your teeth aren't brushed regularly as this allows the bacteria to 'bathe' in your teeth. Tooth decay is a common problem and the tendency towards sweeter snacks for children has contributed greatly to the issue. It's commonly advised that you have a dental check up at least twice a year so that your dentist can spot any potential problems far in advance. Any decay should be easily spotted by an oral examination but an X-ray may also be taken in order to assess the severity of the damage.

Treatment

In minor cases of decay, the tooth will sometimes just repair itself if the affected tooth is regularly cleaned and a good regime of oral hygiene initiated. In most cases however, a filling will be required. If the nerve located inside your tooth has become infected or been damaged, then more invasive procedures may be required and in severe cases the tooth may need extracting. It's important to prevent tooth decay by maintaining a good level of oral hygiene. If you consume a lot of sugary snacks or drinks then cut down, similarly make sure you have regular check ups with your dentist. Most dentists agree that you should brush your teeth twice a day for around two minutes and floss at least once a day.